Responsibility for Terrorism under Ukrainian Criminal Law: Problems and Prospects for the Normative Legal Regulation of the Future

This article focused on a detailed analysis of the Ukrainian Criminal Code, revealing its fundamental provisions related to terrorist acts, their objective components, and the associated legal responsibilities. The study aimed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the country's approach to addressing terrorism-related challenges by analysing the criminal liability for such crimes in Ukraine. The study uses a qualitative approach, combining document analysis and a literature review. Document analysis was employed to legally assess Ukraine's legislation on terrorism. A bibliometric review of academic publications from the Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted to systematise the experience of countering terrorism in other countries. The legislation defines a terrorist act as actively perpetrated, including using weapons, explosives, arson, or other threats to life, health, or property.Countering terrorism's effectiveness is explored through communication impact, socio-political factors, legal implementation, and individual/network security concerns. As a result, this study illuminated the multifaceted nature of countering terrorism within the Ukrainian legal framework. It underscored the central role played by the objective elements of terrorist acts, highlighted the interplay between criminal law and political security, and the vast array of counterterrorism measures to safeguard societal interests. Ukraine's counter-terrorism legal framework is based on specialised legislation and the Criminal Code, which criminalises various terrorist activities and related offences. This includes acts like using weapons or explosives to endanger lifeand property to instil fear or influence government, as well as planning, financing, or supporting such acts, with the perpetrator's direct intent being an essential requirement for criminal liability.