Українське історіописання голодомору в перебудовчий період

The change in the scientific paradigm of research on the topic was influenced by the process of «perestroika»
and «publicity» in the Soviet Union and the results of the US Presidential Congressional Commission to study
the famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine. Ukrainian publicists and local historians (since 1987), and official
historiography (since 1990), began to recognize the artificial nature of the Holodomor. During the period of
perestroika, the transition of the leading expert on the history of the Ukrainian SSR of the interwar period S.
Kulchytsky from denial to the recognition of artificial famine and further to the understanding of its genocidal
nature was completed. It was S. Kulchytsky was the first who developed the paradigmatic concept of J. Mace-R.
Lemkin about the Holodomor as genocide of the Ukrainian people. The demarcation of S. Kulchytsky’s famine
of 1932 in the USSR and the Holodomor of 1933 in the USSR and in the Kuban, as fundamentally different
phenomena a new methodological approach in world historiography was. The first had a functional and the
second an intentional character. During the perestroika period, a wide public discourse of scientists, publicists,
and politicians was formed in Ukraine, the traditions of which have still prolonging. The dominant concept of
the famine of 1932/33 as genocide of the Ukrainian people is contrasted with the «right» ethnocide version of
the planned extermination of Ukrainians by Moscow or the «left» interpretation to justify the Kremlin’s actions
by objective circumstances, failure of crops and sabotage of the Ukrainian peasantry. Another, liberal version
deny uniqueness of the famine in Ukraine and the terms «Holodomor» and «genocide» as alleged ideological
constructs, which is combine with modernization and revisionist theories abroad. Among the shortcomings of
the scientific investigation of the topic in the late 1980s, the lack of factual content, due to the lack of open
archival materials, and the ideological nature of the official interpretation of the events of 1932/33 in the USSR
were noted. Many scholars mixed the categories and describe the nature of the famine in Ukraine in 1933,
ranging from «typical famine due failure of crop and negligence» to «genocide of the Ukrainian people», and
transferred the term «Holodomor» to all mass hunger strikes in Ukraine in the 1920s and 1940s.